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Termites can be significant agricultural pests, especially in East Africa and North Asia, in which crop losses can be acute (3100% in harvest reduction in Africa).216 Counterbalancing that is the considerably improved water infiltration where termite tunnels in the soil allow rainwater to soak in deeply, which will help reduce runoff and consequent soil erosion through bioturbation.217 In South America, cultivated plants like eucalyptus, upland rice and sugarcane can be seriously damaged by termite infestations, with strikes on leaves, roots and sterile tissue.
The termite gut has inspired many research efforts targeted at replacing fossil fuels with cleanerrenewable energy sources.219 Termites are efficient bioreactors, effective at producing two litres of hydrogen from a single sheet of paper.220 Approximately 200 species of microbes live inside the termite hindgut, releasing the hydrogen which was trapped inside timber and plants they digest.219221 Through the action of unidentified enzymes in the termite gut, lignocellulose polymers are broken down into sugars and are transformed into hydrogen.
The development of autonomous robots capable of constructing intricate structures without human assistance has been inspired by the complex mounds that termites construct.222 These robots work independently and can move by themselves on a monitored grid, capable of climbing and lifting up bricks. Such robots may be handy for future projects on Mars, or for building levees to prevent flooding.223.
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Termites use complex means to control the temperatures of their mounds. As discussed above, the form and orientation of the mounds of the Australian compass termite stabilises their internal temperatures during the day. As the towers heating up, the solar chimney effect (stack effect) creates an updraft of air within the mound.224 Wind blowing across the tops of the towers enhances the circulation of air through the mounds, which also include side vents in their construction.
Especially in Africa, the pile effect has turned into a popular means to achieve natural ventilation and passive cooling in modern buildings.224.
The Eastgate Centre is a shopping centre and office block in central Harare, Zimbabwe, whose architect, Mick Pearce, utilized passive cooling inspired by that used by the regional termites.226 This was the first major building exploiting termite-inspired cooling techniques to draw international attention. Other such buildings include the Learning Resource Center in the Catholic University of Eastern Africa and the Council House 2 building in Melbourne, Australia.224.
Few zoos hold termites, due to the problem in keeping them captive and to the reluctance of government to allow potential pests. One of the few that do, the Zoo Basel in Switzerland, has two thriving Macrotermes bellicosus populations resulting in an event very rare in captivity: the mass migrations of young flying termites.
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African tribes in professional and experienced expert several countries have termites as totems, and for this reason tribe members are forbidden to consume the reproductive alates.228 Termites are frequently used in traditional popular medicine; they are used as treatments for diseases and other conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, hoarseness, influenza, sinusitis, tonsillitis and whooping cough.208 In Nigeria, Macrotermes nigeriensis is used for religious protection and to treat wounds and ill pregnant women.
It's unknown if the termite was female or male. If it was a female, the body length would be much greater than 25 millimetres when mature.
a b Cranshaw, W. (2013). "11". Bugs Rule! : An Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-691-12495-7.
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Lobeck, A. Kohl (1939). Geomorphology; an Introduction to the Study of Landscapes (1st ed.) . University of California: McGraw Hill Book Company, Incorporated. pp. 431432. ASIN B002P5O9SC.
Cleveland, L.R.; Hall, S.K.; Sanders, E.P.; Collier, J. (1934). "The Wood-Feeding Roach Cryptocercus, its own protozoa, and the symbiosis between protozoa and roach". Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 17 (2): 185382. doi:10.1093/aesa/28.2.216.
